Total Knee Replacement

Knee replacement surgery, or knee arthroplasty, offers pain relief and improved movement to those suffering from advanced arthritis of the knee or a weakened knee joint. In most cases, the cartilage is worn away and the surface of the knee becomes pitted, eroded, and uneven. This causes pain, stiffness, instability, and a change in body alignment.
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is most common and involves removing the damaged bone and cartilage and replacing the knee joint with implants to restore the natural motion and function of the knee.

You may need surgery if:

1. Your knees are stiff and swollen
2. There is pain throughout the day, even at rest
3. Walking, getting up, or climbing stairs is difficult and painful
4. Medication and therapy do not offer enough relief.

Anatomy of the Knee
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. The knee is formed by the junction of three bones: the femur (thighbone), tibia (shinbone), and patella (kneecap). These bones are connected to each other by strong ligaments that maintain stability and smooth motion. Cartilage and other soft tissue like the meniscus covers and cushions the bones and helps them glide smoothly.
Strong ligaments also connect the powerful muscles of the thigh and calf to the bones around the knee and power the knee motion and function. Conditioning and strengthening the muscles through physical therapy and dedicated exercise is most important in restoring and maintaining good knee function and comfort.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery
Treatment for damage and arthritis of the knee joint depends on multiple factors, such as the condition of the knee and the patient’s age and activity level. At first, non-surgical methods including physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, and weight loss are used to manage the condition.
Most patients who need surgical intervention will require total knee replacement (TKR), which involves replacing the entire joint. In this case, surgeons shave down the damaged bone areas and fix implants, or prosthesis, over the ends of the bone so that they glide smoothly against one another. These implants are generally made of metal and plastic and each implant is customized for the individual to provide maximum compatibility.

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